The study team worked intensely with Sarah to first map the areas of her brain that became active when she was experiencing the worst symptoms of depression. They implanted two small wires into her brain to detect the associated brain activity and then deliver a pulse of electricity that interrupts the signal. In Sarah's case, signals from the amygdala, a small structure in the brain associated with emotions, predicted her worst symptoms. Chang and colleagues adapted a commercially available device approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating severe epilepsy. It affords us precision in a way that we never had before in treating depression. This is our first demonstration of personalizing," Chang said. The exact mechanism of how it treats the symptoms is unclear," he added. The team got the idea when they saw evidence that people being treated for epilepsy with the device often reported their symptoms of depression were improved by its use. It took a considerable adjustment to make the stimulation feel seamless -- and to make sure the effects lasted for longer than a few minutes. "At first, within a few weeks, the suicidal thoughts just disappeared. Then it was just a gradual process. It was like my lens on the world changed," Sarah said. "Everything has gotten easier and easier and easier." One day sticks in her mind. "I just remember coming home one of the first times the device was on. I could see the bay and where it met the marshes, and I remember being, godlike, the color differentiation. It's gorgeous -- the light." Sarah's depression symptoms had made the world seem gray and uninteresting.
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