As we do remote sensing of dozens of exoplanets, spanning a range of masses and temperatures, we will develop a more complete picture of the true diversity of alien worlds from those hot enough to harbor iron rain to others with more moderate climates, from those heftier than Jupiter to others not much bigger than the Earth," said Ray Jayawardhana, study coauthor and the Harold Tanner Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and a professor of astronomy at Cornell University, in a statement. "It's remarkable that with today's telescopes and instruments, we can already learn so much about the atmospheres their constituents, physical properties, presence of clouds, and even large-scale wind patterns of planets that are orbiting stars hundreds of light-years away," Jayawardhana said. Discovered in 2016, the ultra-hot planet which is about the size of Jupiter orbits a star in the Pisces constellation 640 light-years away from Earth. Because of its close proximity to the star, WASP-76b completes one orbit around it every 1.8 Earth days and soaks up thousands of times the radiation that Earth receives from the sun. "We're seeing so much calcium (in WASP-76b's atmosphere); it's a really strong feature," said Emily Deibert, study co-author and doctoral student at the University of Toronto, in a statement. "This spectral signature of ionized calcium could indicate that the exoplanet has very strong upper atmosphere winds. Or the atmospheric temperature on the exoplanet is much higher than we thought." The planet is tidally locked, meaning the same side of the planet always faces the star. The iron vapor condenses into clouds, causing rain that consists of liquid iron, and this creates the iron observed in the atmosphere. The research is part of a Cornell University-led project called ExoGemS, or Exoplanets with Gemini Spectroscopy survey. The project brings together scientists who study the diversity of atmospheres on exoplanets, which are planets located outside of our solar system.
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